Shingles and foundation sheet



April l2, 1952. FISCHER 1,854,164

SHINGLES AND FOUNDATION SHEET Filed Jan. 15, 1921 I 5 1 0+ w l 5 I f 3| I Im emfor Patented Apr. 12, 1932 'UNITED STATES PATE NT, oFF-icE.

ALBERT G. FISCHER, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO THE PHILIP CAREY MANU- FAGTURING COMPANY, .A. CORPORATION 01 OHIO SHINGLES AND FOUNDATION SHEEP Application filed January 15, 1921. Serial No. 487,628.

My invention relates to improvements in foundation sheets and their use in combination with other roofing materials.

In Patent N 0. 1,322,888 issued November 25, 1919, I show a foundation sheet laid underneath shingles which shingles are spaced apart by a shingle cleat, and this waterproofing foundation sheet lies between underlaying and overlaying rows of shingles.

In Patent Reissue No. 17 ,143 issued November 20, 1925, I show a foundation sheet that is placed in connection with or underneath a shingle, which sheet reaches above the edge of the underlying row and forms a waterproof bridge between spaced shingles forming the overlying row, saidbase having a mastic coating thereon.

My invention comprises a broadening of the scope of the foundation sheet by utilizing a specially prepared sheet that will last to the weather, waterproof to advantage and become a more important factor in the waterproof structure.

Heretofore a foundation sheet consisting of saturated felts or sheathing paper in rolls has been used to take up any stray leakage and check air flow to the roof structure, depending entirely upon the shingles, slates, tiles, etc. to do all the waterproofing, by overlies deep so the walapipmg two and three ter ow would continue rom one to the other. waterproofing sub- Underlying felts and stances heretofore were manufactured ap proximately 32 or 36 inches wide and consist mostly of 14 or 16' pound saturated felts. In some cases 30 pound saturated felts are used where heavy tiling is laid on roof surfaces. These felts, however, are never coated and are simply saturated materials.

In my present invention these foundation sheets are prepared in strips, either as wide or slightly wider than the tiles, slates or shingles, to be laid allowing sufficient for overlap at the-back. In most instances these strips will not be over 12 inches wide and they will be coated on one or both sides with a hard, bituminous or vegetable coating, and properly dusted the same as composition roofing, which makes these foundation sheets where the slates,

a sufiiciently water selves.

to provide for the spaclng of four or more shingles, slates, or tiles, thus eliminating the danger of buckling of the undersheet, which occurs in general with the surface composition roofings and felts.

All previous felts heretofore in use or shown, as stated, have been ap lied throu hout the length of the roof. They are t in saturated felts which act entirely as an underlay and every part is covered by a weathering material, such as slate or tile.

In my present invention the foundation sheet must be weather proof in itself and capable of meeting all conditions of the other materials used, as the foundation sheet is exposed to the weather between each shingle, slate or tile, and acts as part of the watershed at all times, whereas the underlays previous'ly were placed merely to act in case of broken slate or leaks. The felt of itself would not be suitable for weathering purposes.

This invention relates to using a weatherproof base or foundation sheet like coated composition roofing or weather resisting felts to inter-weave with the overlyin slates, shingles or tile, utilizing the foundation sheet as a water shedding means at such places tiles-or shingles permit the water'to go throu h to the foundation sheet.

This sheet mayIJe of any form.

Heretofore these papers in rolls were overlapped and entirely laid before the slates, shingles, etc. were applied, or'the paper, if laid otherwise, was used in the same manner and for the same purpose.

In my present invention the foundation sheetis formed to overlie the receding and underlie the succeeding row 0 shingles. acting asi a cushion between the overlapping surface of shingles, slates or tiles, so that breakage in wal laid is reduced to a minimum.- Less slate is used than under the former method and a more waterproof covering is obtained.-

This foundation sheet may be marked so the slates,

proof covering in theming over a slated roof after tiles or shingles can readily be in such a manner as to cooperate with other foundation sheets by manufacturing into offset sheets, and the overlapped portions stapled, one prong passing through the shingles when of soft material the other through the overlapping edges of the foundation sheet when laid abutting the preceding row at the back edge of the shingles.

The nailing method'is also novel and new in this invention, as the nails when laid in interwoven fashion are driven through the foundation sheet, through the slate, through the underlying foundation sheet and into the sheathing, thus placing a washer effect between the nail head and slate and slate and sheathing, allowing for expansion and contraction and saving breakage-finish depending upon the surface slates, tiles or shingle.

These foundation sheets may be finished with slate particles or grit and also with decorative markings.

An embodiment of my invention is illustrated in the drawings herewith, in which Figure 1 is a plan View of the method of laying shingles and slates or tiles in combination with foundation sheets, in which the foundation sheet is interlaid with the slates, tiles or shingles.

Figure 2 is a cross section illustrating the layers of material and how they are nailed when interlaid.

Figure 3 illustrates a plain foundation sheet.

Figure 4 is a foundation sheet marked for slates, tiles and shingles where it is desired todplace them in abutting relation side by s1 e.

Figure 5 relates to a foundation sheet marked for shingles, slates or tiles, where it is desired to allow spaces between them. I

Figure 6 relates to a foundation sheet marked for slates, abutting, and the nailing line of the hole punches underneath.

Figure 7 relates to a foundation sheet constructed in offset relation.

Figure 7 is a modified arrangement of the structure shown in Figure 7 Figure 8 illustrates a method of stapling foundation sheets either to each other or in relation to preceding rows of shingles of soft material over a like foundation sheet.

Figure 9 relates to a number of offset foundation sheets laced in overlapped relation, used as a roo covering and either stapled or nailed with the use of cementitious matter for the laps, or said laps being self-adhering.

Referring again to Figure 1,

A-represents a foundation sheet.

Ba slate tile, flexible shingle or the like.

C-the margin allowed for the overlap.

Dnails- E-abutting joints of foundation sheets.

F--sheathing boards G-nail holes.

The foundation sheets (A) are started, and the slates, shingles or tiles (B) are placed thereon so that, the end of the slate or shingle overlaps the abutting foundation sheet (A).

The second layer of foundation sheet A is then laid with its lower edge over the rear end of the shingles or slates, and if slate or tile over the nail holes provided, the spacing lines of succeeding sheets being placed intermediate the edges of preceding shingles, slates or tiles.

The nails (D) are driven through the overlying layer (A) through the holes (G) through the underlaying sheet (A) and into the sheathing boards Figure 2: lit can readily be seen in this figure that the foundation sheet cushion (A) underlies every part of the overlying shingles, slates or tiles (B). All nail heads (1)) are covered by overlying material (B).

Figure 3 represents a type of foundation sheet and it is understood the sheet may be in any form or design, or of any material, if it serves the purpose herein outlined.

Figure 4 is a marked or spaced foundation sheet. A representing the sheet, H the vertical spacing mark and T- the horizontal spacing mark providing for the lap (C).

Figure 5: lit may be readily understood that l do not wish to be limited in the spacing design, the spaces between slates, tiles or shingles may be one-half less or more inches apart, as in the shingle being placed in this case between the vertical marks H. H.

Figure 6 represents more particularly the foundation sheet as best adapted to the method shown in Figure 1. A- represents the foundation sheet proper, C- the lap, the vertical spacing lines. L the lap spacing line. J- the nailing line. KK- the nail hole location marks. It is readily understood that the marks can readily be pressed, scored, rasied or otherwise placed upon the foundation sheet, either by roll or on the flat surface when out into strips.

Figure 7 relates to a multiple layer foundation sheet comprising a top or upper sheet A, which surface may be marked the same as in Figures 4, 5 and 6, and a base sheet L, 0&- set from the sheet A. These sheets are preferably joined at the factory and made complete as an offset foundation sheet.

These sheets may be laid in the same manner by allowing the sheet Ato overlap on the, slates, tiles or shingles, or they may be laid as in Figure 8, in which the sheet abuts the back end of the preceding sheet A, and the sheets L-L, abut in the same manner. The sheets when laid in this manner are preferably fas v tened with staples.

Figure 7 A: In Figure 7-A the sheet A ofi'sets the base sheet L, only along the front edge, it being flush with the top sheet A at the back edge. All foundation sheets are laid in broken joint fashion.

Figure 8 shows a preferred method of laying foundation sheets when laid in combination with flexible shingles or substances, easily penetrated with nails or staples.

A- represents the foundation sheet. B-

the shingles. O the lap. M the staples.

The sheets are overlapped so that each succeeding sheet abuts the back edge of the preceding row of shingles, the sheets and shingles are then stapled together as shown.

Figure 9 illustrates foundation sheets made in offset and laid as a solid foundation or roof coveringsaid surface having plain or decorative marln'ngs.

In the appended claims, the word shingles is used in its broad sense to mean shingles, slate, tile, or other similar material.

What I wish to claim is 1. Roofing comprising strips of foundation sheets arranged in rows, each of said sheets having a plurality of shingles mounted thereon, said shingles arranged in rows, foundation strips of one row arranged to abut the back edges of the shingles of a preceding row, said shingles and foundation strips having their lower edges coincident, the upper edges of said strips extending beyond the upper edges of their corresponding shingles, and staples so mounted that one prong fastens a shingle in one row and the other prongfastens the abutting foundation sheet in the next succeeding row.

2. Roofing comprising strips of foundation sheets arranged in rows, shingles mounted and arranged'in rows upon the foundation sheets, the foundation strips of one row being adjacent the shingles of a. preceding row, said shingles and foundation strips having their lower edges coincident, the upper edges of said strips extending beyond the upper edges of their corresponding shingles, and fastening means having prongs thereon to engage with the shingles in one row and the foundation sheet in the next succeeding row.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification on this twelfth day of January A. D. 1921.

ALBERT C. FISCHER. Y 

